Dual Band Gpon Wifi ONT Gpon Onu Epon Wifi

一. Definition of ONU

ONU (Optical Network Unit) is an optical network unit, which is a device used in fiber optic access networks. It is usually placed at the user's premises, such as a home, enterprise or building, and is connected to the optical line terminal (OLT) through optical fiber to realize communication between the user and the fiber optic access network.

二. Main functions of ONU

1. Optical signal conversion

• Convert the optical signal sent from the OLT into an electrical signal for use by user devices (such as computers, telephones, TVs, etc.).

• At the same time, convert the electrical signal sent by the user device into an optical signal and upload it to the OLT.

    2. Data transmission

Realize two-way data transmission between user devices and the network. It can support high-speed Internet access, voice communication (VoIP), video on demand and other services.

• Follow various network protocols, such as Ethernet protocol, IP protocol, etc., to ensure the correct transmission and processing of data.

    3. Signal processing

• Process the received and sent signals, including signal amplification, filtering, modulation and demodulation.

• Improve signal quality, reduce signal interference and attenuation, and ensure the reliability of communication.

    4.User interface provision

• Usually provides multiple user interfaces, such as Ethernet interface (RJ45), telephone interface (RJ11), cable TV interface (F-type connector), etc.

• Users can connect various devices to ONU through these interfaces and enjoy the services provided by the fiber-optic access network.

    5.Management and maintenance

• Support remote management and maintenance functions. Network operators can configure, monitor and diagnose faults on ONU through the network management system.

• It can report its own status information, such as working status, fault information, etc., so that operators can handle problems in a timely manner.

三. Classification of ONU

1. Classification by application scenario

• Home ONU: Mainly used for fiber-optic access for home users, providing Internet access, voice communication and video services, etc. It is usually small in size, easy to install, and the interface type is suitable for home device connection.

• Enterprise ONU: Suitable for enterprise users, providing higher bandwidth and more interface types to meet the connection needs of multiple devices within the enterprise. It may also have some enterprise-level management and security functions.

• Corridor ONU: Installed in the corridor or public area of the building to provide services for multiple users. The signal can be distributed to each user's room through Ethernet or other means.

    2.Classification by technology type

• EPON ONU: ONU based on Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) technology. EPON is a passive optical network with a point-to-multipoint structure, which has the advantages of low cost, high bandwidth, and good scalability.

• GPON ONU: ONU based on Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology. GPON provides higher bandwidth and more powerful management functions, suitable for users with high requirements for bandwidth and service quality.

四. Working principle of ONU

1. Downlink data transmission

• OLT encapsulates the data packets from the upper network and sends them to each ONU in a broadcast manner through the optical distribution network (ODN).

• ONU identifies its own data packet according to the logical link identifier (LLID) in the data packet and receives it.

• After decapsulation, the received data packet is converted into an electrical signal and provided to the user device through the user interface.

    2.Uplink data transmission

• The data sent by the user device enters the ONU through the user interface of the ONU, and the ONU converts it into an optical signal.

• Based on the time division multiple access (TDMA) technology, the ONU sends data to the OLT within the specified time window.

• After receiving the uplink data from each ONU, OLT decapsulates and processes it and forwards it to the upper network.

五. Application scenarios of ONU

1. Broadband access

• Provides high-speed Internet access services for home and enterprise users to meet users' needs for high-traffic applications such as video, music, and games.

• It can replace traditional broadband access methods such as DSL and Cable Modem, providing higher bandwidth and better service quality.

    2.Voice communication

• Voice communication services are realized through VoIP technology. Users can use ordinary telephones to access the network through ONU and make voice calls.

• It can replace traditional fixed telephone lines and reduce communication costs.

    3.Video service

• Supports video on demand, IPTV and other video services. Users can watch high-definition video programs through TVs or other video devices.

• Provide users with rich entertainment content and improve user experience.

    4.Enterprise network

• Provide enterprises with high-speed and stable network connections to meet the needs of internal data transmission, office automation, video conferencing, etc.

• It can be integrated with the company's existing network equipment to achieve unified network management.